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The Greater Poland Uprising of 1918–1919, or Wielkopolska Uprising of 1918–1919 (Polish: ''powstanie wielkopolskie 1918–19 roku''; (ドイツ語:Großpolnischer Aufstand)) or Posnanian War was a military insurrection of Poles in the Greater Poland region (also called by the Germans the Grand Duchy of Poznań or Provinz Posen region) against Germany. The uprising had a significant effect on the Treaty of Versailles, which granted a reconstituted Poland the area won by the Polish insurgents plus some additional territory, most of which had been part of Poland before the partitions. ==Background== After the 1795 Third Partition of Poland (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), Poland had ceased to exist as an independent state. From 1795 through the beginning of the Great or First World War, several unsuccessful uprisings to regain an independent state took place. An 1806 uprising was followed by the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw which lasted for eight years before being partitioned again between Prussia and Russia. Under the oppressive German rule Poles faced systematic discrimination and racism.〔Racisms Made in Germany edited by Wulf D. Hund, Wulf Dietmar Hund, Christian Koller, Moshe Zimmermann LIT Verlag Münster 2011 page 20, 21〕〔''The Ideology of Kokugo: Nationalizing Language in Modern Japan'', Lee Yeounsuk page 161 University of Hawaii Press 2009〕〔The Immigrant Threat: The Integration of Old and New Migrants in Western Europe since 1850 (Studies of World Migrations) Leo Lucassen page 61 University of Illinois Press page 2005〕 At the end of World War I, US President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points met with opposition from European nations standing to lose power or territory. German politicians had signed an armistice leading to a cease fire on 11 November 1918, with the Western and former Eastern front lines outside of Germany. Germany had signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Bolshevik Russia to settle the eastern frontiers. This Treaty did not take into account the millions of Poles living in what had been their territory which was in the middle. Therefore, from the date that the armistice was signed until the Treaty of Versailles was fully ratified in January 1920, many territorial and sovereignty issues remained unresolved. Wilson's proposal for an independent Poland did not definitively set borders for Poland that could be universally accepted. Most of the part of Poland partitioned and annexed to Prussia in the late 18th century was still part of Germany at the close of World War I, with the rest of the subsequent post–World War I Polish territory being part of Russia and of Austria-Hungary. The portion which was part of Germany included the Provinz Posen, or territory of Greater Poland, of which Poznań (Posen) was a major industrial city. The majority of the population was Polish (more than 60%)〔"Historia 1871–1939" Anna Radziwiłł, Wojciech Roszkowski Warsaw 1998〕 and was uncertain whether they would be repatriated within the proposed recreated Polish state. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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